Arthur Goldens Memoirs of a Geisha Essay -- Arthur Golden Memoirs of

Arthur Goldens Memoirs of a Geisha Memoirs of a Geisha is a wonderful novel and very informative on geisha life. The countersign is written by Arthur Golden. Golden earned a degree from Harvard College in art history and his M.A. at Columbia University in Japanese history and he also studied Mandarin Chinese. He worked at Beijing University in Tokyo. Golden studies, credentials, and experience all make him an experience all make him an honest on geisha and Japanese culture.The novel takes place in 1929 in a poor fishing village. The main character is Sayuri, who is nine years old. Her aim dies and she is left to live with her father and older sister. Sayuris father can not afford to take care of his daughters. He decides to sell his daughters. The girls are examined and Sayuris ol...

Domestic Violence Essay -- Violence Against Women Essays

These days it is easy to memorise on the internet virtually a woman who has been vanquish by her professional athlete husband or her boyfriend. Thousands of women are mistreated, or even murdered, apiece year and these deaths are increasing. However, although this is the main occupation in our society, in that respect are other genials of domestic violence that not many people know plainly they begin the same importance. In this essay I intent to part a definition of domestic violence and explain the main kinds of abuses.I will also indicate some(prenominal) possible solutions to diminish or to eliminate this problem and I will show some domestic indicators. I intend to argue some unhelpful behaviours and to finish I will discuss the effectuate of domestic violence in children.The term family violence includes every last(predicate) forms of violence within families. It is usually used to describe the abuse women suffer at the work force of their male partners, but it i s also used to mean family violence. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, psychological, social or economic. Domestic violence is a unavowed problem. It occurs in the privacy of a home, and those involved are usually reluctant to talk rough it. The overwhelming majority are women and children who are more than vulnerable. there are a lot of kinds of domestic violence such as physical abuse, communicatory/emotional abuse, economic abuse, sexual abuse, social abuse or spiritual abuse. The first kind is physical and verbal/emotioonal abuse. This is produced when any action intended to degrade, discredit and demean, both in public or private, including threats to injure or otherwise harm, the partner or the children putting ones partner down and making them feel poorly about themselves and their abilities treating ones partner like a servant abuser making decisions regarding partners financial status, free time, friendships, work and leisure activities. This constant humili ation will repeal a womans belief in herself and she may start to turn over that shes worthless, that the violence is her fault. Verbal abuse also includes threats of physical violence and violent verbal outbursts. stinting abuse occurs where the man has total control over all financial resources. The woman may have to beg for money to buy necessities and when it is given, it may oft be insufficient. She is then criticised for being stupid and incompetent in failing to provide adequately with t... ...y wants to admit any bad apparitions in the society what causes more harm to the victims. There are also people who suppose that if it even exists it cant be that bad. They just deny it. To conclud, just recently people started to talk about this problem in public. The newspapers publish articles concerning the different forms of domestic violence. virtually people who were in contact with victims of the violence have tried to help them by open up help - centres, organizations an d institutions, which support the victims by giving them some kind of safety and which encourage them to talk about that. The SOS - telephone is very important, because it is available 24 hours a day and because the anonymity they guarantee. People feel free to shout out them and ask for help. There are only a few centres like this and that is not enough, but the government doesnt have the required money.For my part, I feel that there is NO excuse for any kind of violence. Violence is never an acceptable method of solve conflicts in relationships, nor do partners have a legal reclaim to assault each other, whatever they may claim to have been the provocation. Nobody asks for, or deserves to be, abused. Domestic Violence Essay -- Violence Against Women EssaysThese days it is easy to read on the internet about a woman who has been beaten by her professional athlete husband or her boyfriend. Thousands of women are mistreated, or even murdered, each year and these dea ths are increasing. However, although this is the main problem in our society,there are other kinds of domestic violence that not many people know but they have the same importance. In this essay I intent to give a definition of domestic violence and explain the main kinds of abuses.I will also suggest some possible solutions to diminish or to eliminate this problem and I will show some domestic indicators. I intend to argue some unhelpful behaviours and to finish I will discuss the effects of domestic violence in children.The term family violence includes all forms of violence within families. It is commonly used to describe the abuse women suffer at the hands of their male partners, but it is also used to mean family violence. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, psychological, social or economic. Domestic violence is a hidden problem. It occurs in the privacy of a home, and those involved are usually reluctant to talk about it. The overwhelming majority are women and childr en who are more vulnerable.There are a lot of kinds of domestic violence such as physical abuse, verbal/emotional abuse, economic abuse, sexual abuse, social abuse or spiritual abuse. The first kind is physical and verbal/emotioonal abuse. This is produced when any action intended to degrade, humiliate and demean, both in public or private, including threats to injure or otherwise harm, the partner or the children putting ones partner down and making them feel bad about themselves and their abilities treating ones partner like a servant abuser making decisions regarding partners financial status, free time, friendships, work and leisure activities. This constant humiliation will destroy a womans belief in herself and she may start to believe that shes worthless, that the violence is her fault. Verbal abuse also includes threats of physical violence and violent verbal outbursts. Economic abuse occurs where the man has total control over all financial resources. The woman may have to beg for money to buy necessities and when it is given, it may often be insufficient. She is then criticised for being stupid and incompetent in failing to provide adequately with t... ...y wants to admit any bad apparitions in the society what causes more harm to the victims. There are also people who believe that if it even exists it cant be that bad. They just deny it. To conclud, just recently people started to talk about this problem in public. The newspapers publish articles concerning the different forms of domestic violence. Some people who were in contact with victims of the violence have tried to help them by opening help - centres, organizations and institutions, which support the victims by giving them some kind of safety and which encourage them to talk about that. The SOS - telephone is very important, because it is available 24 hours a day and because the anonymity they guarantee. People feel free to call them and ask for help. There are only a few centres like this a nd that is not enough, but the government doesnt have the required money.For my part, I feel that there is NO excuse for any kind of violence. Violence is never an acceptable method of solving conflicts in relationships, nor do partners have a legal right to assault each other, whatever they may claim to have been the provocation. Nobody asks for, or deserves to be, abused.

Comparison of the Transformation of Characters in Gullivers Travels and

The Transformation of Characters in Gullivers Travels and Robinson Crusoe The characters in Gullivers Travels and Robinson Crusoe are portrayed as resembling trained soldiers, organism capable of clear thought during tense and troubled times. This quality possessed within Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver is a result of the authors background and knowledge. Daniel Defoe was knowledgeable and ripe in seamanship, he understood the workings of a ship and the skills required for its operation. Daniel Defoe, an intelligent man who is knowledgeable in self defense and military tactics, which is reflected in the actions of Robinson Crusoe who insists on eer one step ahead of his opponent, wether it be an enemy, nature or himself. Robinson Crusoe is the know all, does all type of person. He becomes stranded on a desolate island and does what eer is necessary to survive. After being on the island for several years Crusoe learns to adapt to his surroundings (an important feature in becoming a g ood soldier) and lives with what he has.In the 17th century, the Catholic reform was sweeping through many parts of Europe. The head from 1600 to about 1750 is known as the baroque Era. Throughout this period the Catholic Church was fighting back against the effects of the Renaissance. The people of the Renaissance society started to question their beliefs in the church and tried to rationally explain the creation around them. Several crusades were fought throughout this period and in the end England and France became Christianized. Robinson Crusoe was published during the Baroque Era and it contained a great amount of Catholicism. Crusoe becomes a good Christian during his lonely stay on the deserted island and converts his companion F... ... an attorney, a traitor, or the like this is all according to the due course of things besides when I observe a lump of deformity and diseases, both in body and mind, smitten with pride, it im-mediatly breaks all the measures of my patien ce neither shall I be ever able to brood how such an animal and such a vice could tally together. (Jonathan Swift, Gullivers Travels) Both Gulliver and Robinson are changing characters. At first they could not realize the hidden expatiate of life. But through solitude, trauma, conquest and failure have allowed both characters to realize the achievements, failures, and stupidity of man kind. Being able to rationalize from attend and calculation is a quality of a soldier.Works CitedDefoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe. New York Bantam Books, 1991 (Defoe)Swift, Jonathan. Gullivers Travels. Oxford Basil Blackwell, 1959 Comparison of the Transformation of Characters in Gullivers Travels andThe Transformation of Characters in Gullivers Travels and Robinson Crusoe The characters in Gullivers Travels and Robinson Crusoe are portrayed as resembling trained soldiers, being capable of clear thought during tense and troubled times. This quality possessed within Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver is a result of the authors background and knowledge. Daniel Defoe was knowledgeable and proficient in seamanship, he understood the workings of a ship and the skills required for its operation. Daniel Defoe, an intelligent man who is knowledgeable in self defense and military tactics, which is reflected in the actions of Robinson Crusoe who insists on always one step ahead of his opponent, wether it be an enemy, nature or himself. Robinson Crusoe is the know all, does all type of person. He becomes stranded on a desolate island and does whatever is necessary to survive. After being on the island for several years Crusoe learns to adapt to his surroundings (an important feature in becoming a good soldier) and lives with what he has.In the 17th century, the Catholic reform was sweeping through many parts of Europe. The period from 1600 to about 1750 is known as the Baroque Era. Throughout this period the Catholic Church was fighting back against the effects of the Renaissanc e. The people of the Renaissance society started to question their beliefs in the church and tried to rationally explain the world around them. Several crusades were fought throughout this period and in the end England and France became Christianized. Robinson Crusoe was published during the Baroque Era and it contained a great amount of Catholicism. Crusoe becomes a good Christian during his lonely stay on the deserted island and converts his companion F... ... an attorney, a traitor, or the like this is all according to the due course of things but when I behold a lump of deformity and diseases, both in body and mind, smitten with pride, it im-mediatly breaks all the measures of my patience neither shall I be ever able to comprehend how such an animal and such a vice could tally together. (Jonathan Swift, Gullivers Travels) Both Gulliver and Robinson are changing characters. At first they could not see the hidden details of life. But through solitude, trauma, conquest and failure have allowed both characters to realize the achievements, failures, and stupidity of man kind. Being able to rationalize from experience and calculation is a quality of a soldier.Works CitedDefoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe. New York Bantam Books, 1991 (Defoe)Swift, Jonathan. Gullivers Travels. Oxford Basil Blackwell, 1959

Essay --

When the struggle against Antony and Cleopatra ended, Octavian found himself commander of some 60-70 legions and 900 warships. The Roman state could not, as a matter of course, support such a military establishment, nor was it politic to have so many men in service. He therefore discharged the majority, reducing the number of legions to 26 with the annexation of Galatia in 25 B.C., ii new legions were added. The loss of three under Varus (see below) left only 25. There were thus about 150,000 legionaries, with an equivalent number of auxiliaries. The navy had two main bases, Misenum on the Bay of Naples and Ravenna along the Adriatic coast, with smaller flotillas elsewhere, such as at Forum Julii in southern France. Attendant upon the emperor were the nine cohorts of the praetorial Guard.In the later years of Augustus principate, seven cohorts of vigiles, who served as police in Rome, were established. There were also three cohortes urbanae. In the Res Gestae, his final statement of his activities and expenditures for the Roman state, Augustus mouth frequently of his military a...

Society and Sexuality in Waiting for the Barbarians and The History of

Society and Sexuality in Waiting for the Barbarians, and The History of Sexuality Within our modern minds reside two very different ways in which we deal with the subject of sexuality. The conceptual framework of modern society, to some extent, has developed out of past notions about the body. We can prove that springing from our historical roots, issues concerning sexuality have been dealt with through mutual feelings of desire and disgust. The semblanceship between these two opposed feelings arises from a dual sense of our aw atomic number 18ness of our sexuality. wiz direction we are pointed in, is to view anything sexual in content, as socially digressive. The otherwise crosses to the opposite extreme. Sexuality is something which is talked about constantly, but usually not openly. We are also, in some ways, drawn by our sexuality to feel desire for our other side--the side which we do not show to many other people. Both of the poles represent aspects of a spectrum on which all of us lie, at once drawn to both extremes. The fact that we fall somewhere on that dental plate in the first place, points to another reason outside the reaches of the immediate family. The situation we are placed in as individuals of modernity, is an arena of pre-constructed rules and regulations regarding our sexuality. The doctrine of sex in our world has been determined by the actions and thoughts of past generations. We build upon their conceptual machinery to generate our own meaning within the world. The duality between desire and disgust, in relation to sexuality, is something which has been passed down to us through generations of social learning. In his book, The History of Sexuality, Michel Foucault presents evidence pointing to the connection between... ...nterest in the subject as a hidden part of humane existence. The double mechanism of distancing ones self and the desire to personally experience something, serves to formulate the ways in which we view our sex uality. Through the creation of this binary star relationship, we as a society, have been taught that there are parts of ourselves which are off limits in normal discussion. To go past those lines is to travel in realms which spark advance of perversion or of experiencing an alternate lifestyle. This societal creation tells us that some parts of our personality are ones which we should not explore, though we might be driven to. It is because of those drives, which exist in all of us, that we are forced to come to terms with ourselves, and what it means to be a part of our society. Works CitedCoetzee, J.M. 1980 Waiting for the Barbarians Harmondsworth, Penguin.

Society and Sexuality in Waiting for the Barbarians and The History of

Society and Sexuality in Waiting for the Barbarians, and The History of Sexuality Within our modern minds put down two very different ways in which we deal with the subject of sexuality. The conceptual framework of modern society, to some extent, has developed out of past notions rough the body. We can see that springing from our historical roots, issues concerning sexuality have been dealt with through mutual feelings of commit and disgust. The relationship between these two opposed feelings arises from a dual whiz of our awareness of our sexuality. One direction we are pointed in, is to view anything sexual in content, as socially digressive. The other crosses to the opposite extreme. Sexuality is something which is talked about constantly, but ordinarily not openly. We are also, in some ways, drawn by our sexuality to feel desire for our other side--the side which we do not render to many other people. Both of the poles represent aspects of a spectrum on which all of us lie , at once drawn to both extremes. The fact that we fall someplace on that scale in the first place, points to another reason outside the reaches of the immediate family. The situation we are placed in as individuals of modernity, is an arena of pre-constructed rules and regulations regarding our sexuality. The ism of sex in our world has been determined by the actions and thoughts of past generations. We build upon their conceptual machinery to generate our own meaning within the world. The duality between desire and disgust, in relation to sexuality, is something which has been passed down to us through generations of social learning. In his book, The History of Sexuality, Michel Foucault presents evidence pointing to the connection between... ...nterest in the subject as a confidential part of human existence. The double mechanism of distancing ones self and the desire to personally experience something, serves to formulate the ways in which we view our sexuality. done the cr eation of this binary relationship, we as a society, have been taught that there are parts of ourselves which are off limits in normal discussion. To go past those lines is to pass in realms which hint of perversion or of experiencing an alternate lifestyle. This societal creation tells us that some parts of our personality are ones which we should not explore, though we might be driven to. It is because of those drives, which exist in all of us, that we are forced to come to terms with ourselves, and what it means to be a part of our society. whole works CitedCoetzee, J.M. 1980 Waiting for the Barbarians Harmondsworth, Penguin.

Andrei Chikatilo

Andrei Chikatilo To understand criminal behavior it is superstar has to understand criminology. Criminology focuses on why people rank crime. Many theorists have developed criminological descriptions and explanations as to why crime occurs. These theories be then applied to events or individuals in an attempt to explain criminal behavior. Serial killers are very difficult to assess, but, because of the nature and extent of their crimes, many have been pushed to examine what goes on in the minds of these concomitant killers.Although some may use different criminological theories to explain different individuals, I believe that Sigmund Freuds concept of Id, Superego and Ego best explains Andrei Chikatilo actions. Freuds theory falls into Control Theories which argues that without appropriate socialization, people act on their preprogrammed tendency towards crime and deviance. If it werent for restraints on peoples innate self-tendencies, everyone would naturally commit crime (Tibb etts, 2012). Controltheories concentrate on social control.It focuses on how individuals relate to their social surrounds or how they relate to agents of socialization. Agents such as family members, school teachers, church members, pack media or police officers. It explains how bonding and interacting with society keeps people away from criminal behaviors. Freud had formed his own theory on how individuals choose crime over anything else He developed the concept of ID, Ego and Superego. He states that individuals are all born with inherent drives and motivations that gravitate towards selfishness and greed (Tibbetts, 2012).Freud in any case felt that crime is not triggered because a person has criminal tendencies it is caused by an underdeveloped or traumatized psyche. Traumatic experiences in early childhood can tarnished individuals psyche. The psyche is divided into troika domains the Id, the Ego and The Superego. These domains also develop at different stages in our lives. T he Id domain is what Freud states that we are born with it is the phalanx behind our desires. When we want to consume food and drink, transcend or have sexual desires, these drives are the demands of the Id.It seeks pleasure and satisfaction it is unaware or unaffected by reality. The Id can be seen as the dark location or the devil of an individuals personality. Selfishness plays a huge roll with this domain, as it doesnt care about anyone elses needs or wants. Its has no values, no righteouss and no sense of judgment. Our needs are stored up in the Id and no matter what, they must be complete. As individuals let down to interact with others and society, the second of the three domains starts to develop. This is known as the superego. The superego is different from the Id.It has demands that are contrary to the ones of the Id. The superego is the part of the psyche that demands us to act in a socially accepted way, whereas the id demands us to act selfish and inconsiderate. I t controls what actions we deem to be right and wrong and also controls the feeling of guilt. The superego is what helps us to bond and mix into society. It is the driving force that controls or stops the demands of the Id. If the ego succumbs to the demands of the Id, then the superego steps in with guilt. Individuals tend to feel bad when this happen.The last of the three domains is the Ego. The ego is the conscious part of a persons psyche that divides thoughts into what is real from what is not. It is based on reasoning, trying to take a realistic approach to things. In addition the ego also acts as a mediator between the Id and the superego. The ego shares the same demands of the Id, but tries to obtain those pleasures in a realistic way. It is always trying to satisfy the demands of the id and moral demands of the superego. However the ego tends to gravitate more towards the demands of the id.Freud argues that persons with a deficient superego due to poor interactions with par ents and others have problems controlling the demands of the Id. Children can learn right from wrong when they are increase up. They may be born with Id desires but would be able to control those desires by what they have learnt growing up. Andrei Chikatilo grew up in a humankind of frenzy and human degradation. As a child he had to suffer the effects of the war which made food supplies go scarce. As a guide of this there were mass out breaks of cannibalism. Chikatilo was also kept from the outside world at some point in time.His mother always threatened him. She told him that if he goes out to play when it becomes dark, he will be eaten just like his brother. His father was also absent in his life as he was table service in the war. It is said that he also witness an assault and rape on his mother. As a child, Chikatilo did not learn moral values growing up they were missing because of poor parenting. Things like these would traumatize a young childs undeveloped psyche. So he grew up not universe able to control his urges. As Chikatilo grew up his superego developed. In his late teens he tries to better himself and he attained a university degree.At the age of twenty-eight he get married and some years later he started a family. He found work as communication technician and still continued to gain a higher(prenominal) education. He had a family, he was a good husband, he had a house and by Russian standards, he had a pretty good life. He was even involved in the communist party. Chikatilo was now acting in a socially acceptable manner he was living to the demands of his superego. He did what it takes to conk into society. However as he was suppressing the demands of his Id by playing the part of Mr. Nice guy, he wasnt able to keep it under control.I would believe that his ego was slashed it wasnt able to keep that balance between the Id and superego. In the early 1970s Chikatilo started preying on young children. After he was caught he moved and star ted a new life. This was where his Id took over. He would have murderous desires and he acted on them he kidnapped a young girl, nine year old, Yelena Zakotnova. It was then he discovered that violence on individuals fulfills his desires. As he molested the girl he grew increasingly excited and wanted to have more direct sexual contact with her body.His Id is now in full control wanting him to fulfill his desires, without even thinking about how his action will affect others or the young girl. After he fulfilled his desires hes super ego kicked back in. He almost got caught so he decided to take a break. Now, he returned to being a normal citizen and started thinking about his actions. For over ten years he was able to keep his urges under control, but he gave into those urges and killed over and over again. Andrei Chikatilo struggles with his personality. At one time he follows the demands of the super ego another time he just forgets about everything and fulfill his desires.He was able to switch and let one part of his psyche be in control, while the other is dormant. He was able to keep his two personalities separated. Andrei Chickatilo killed fifty-three people, adults and children alike, from nine to forty-five in the quadrangle of twelve years. What could cause someone to kill this many times? In Chikatilos case I think that the war between his Id and superego was too untold for his weakened ego. When this happened either one was able to be dominant and take over this personality. This is what caused him to kill one time and act in a socially accepted manner another time.

Paris Peace Conference

The 1900s were a very eventidetful era with many new innovations and inventions, some deadly and some beneficial. A essential event during this time period was the capital of France Peace conference in 1919. The need for this conference was caused by World War I and the spoiled trio (Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd-George and Georges Clemencueau). The capital of France Peace congregation had many outcomes such as the Treaty of Versailles, the formation of the conference of areas, L Organisation de la Paix (1921-27) and the Dawes plan. World War I commenced after the assassination of the heir to the Austrian throne, Franz Ferdinand in Serbia.The Black Hand Gang were Bosnian terrorists who were behind the assassination. Their motive was to protest again the seizure of their give country by Austria-Hungary. After Franz Ferdinand and his wife had been killed Austria-Hungary announced struggle. The all(prenominal)iance system at the time was intricate between all of the European Na tions. Russia was assort with Serbia and France and Britain were allies with Russia so they declared war on Austria-Hungary and Germany who were allies. The empires overseas colonies then joined in the war. The technology in World War I was highly innovational during this time period.Many inventions such as the Fokker, U boat, tanks, personal weapons, grenades, gas and trenches created horrific violence and death for both sides. Trenches destroyed French land. Germany created the Fokker, an aircraft that was priceless and The U boat, which was a submarine, a very clever and sneaky innovation. Tanks provided more force on the ground. The effects of modern war were physically and emotionally damaging to the men struggle for their country and their families at home. Since personal weapons and gas had been created there was no need to fight face to face with the opposite side.Men were made to feel like hardware, and trivial mechanism on the great scale of war, as though they were disposable. This was also mentally damaging. Artist Otto Dix shows this, portraying men as fractional robot half men as though war had changed them forever, physically and emotionally. People cute peace and serenity in their lives. After Germany surrender in November on the 11th, 1918 the Paris Peace Conference materialized. During the war the German government was running on the emperor system however they changed their government structure to a democracy system.Germany estimate that this would minimise their punishment after signing the peace conformity however, they were very wrong. Twenty-one countries attended the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919. Germany was not invited to attend. The big Three, USA (President Woodrow Wilson), Britain (Prime Minister David Lloyd-George) and France (Premier Georges Tiger Clemenceau) were all major influences. They all wanted to protect and look out for their own countries and all wanted different outcomes of the Paris Peace Conference. Woodrow Wilson was the President of the USA during the time of the Treaty Versailles. He thought that the punishments being laid upon Germany were too harsh and opted for a softer punishment. He incorporated his 14 point plan into the treaty and believed there should be peace without victors or vanquished. He wanted the end of old empires and arranged for new countries to be organise such as Poland, Czechoslovakia and Finland. He thought that if the treaty was not so harsh Germany would not start another war again in methodicalness for revenge.David Lloyd George was the Prime Minister of Britain during this time. Britain was never invaded by Germany but many British soldiers fought and died on the front line. Many British people wanted revenge so David supported harsh penalties but not to the same extent as France. He wanted to squeeze Germany until their pips squeak but privately wanted to be soft he didnt think harsh measures were fair. He wanted to ensure that France did not be come too powerful in Europe and wanted the German economy to remain strong to balance the power of Europe.He was worried about Wilsons 14 point plan for self determination, offer colonies the right to their own say in their future, he wanted to preserve their Empire. Georges Clemenceau or tiger as he was otherwise known, had been defeated by Germany in both WW1 and the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71. He wanted to ensure surety from another invasion and partly wanted revenge for being humiliated and defeated. Much of WW1 had been fought on French soil, which led to huge damage to historic and important buildings and resources. France shared a Border with Germany so Georges wanted punishment to be harsh and read Germany weak.He wanted Germany to pay for all the destruction they had caused. He demanded harsh penalties for Germany so France would be protected. The consequences of the Paris Peace Conference were extensive and vast. It created treaties, alliances, groups and rules that otherwise would not of been organize if the Paris Peace Conference had not existed. The Treaty of Versailles was the first outcome of the Conference. This treaty affected Germany mainly however they were not allowed to negotiate the treaty with the big three, they we arguably forced into it.If Germany did not sign then war would resume. The treaty aimed to weaken Germany by reducing their Territory, reducing their soldiers, weakening their economy and shaming them through a war guilt clause (article 231). Their military was reduced to 100 000 soldiers in the army and the navy and air force were terminated. Germany caused a lot of damage to France during war and was set to pay reparations. This also weakened their economy so that they could not afford to start another war. Their territory was reduced by 13. % and they lost all their overseas colonies Germany was furious at this treaty but they had no choice but to sign. The next day the newspaper headlines read vengeance German Na tion The next consequence of the Paris Peace Conference was the Dawes plan. Germany was struggling to pay France and Britain the war reparations and without the money France and Britain could not pay the USA their war debts. So Dawes and politician created the Dawes plan, which, was a money go round plan. The USA would lend money to Germany to pay France and Britain reparations and then France and Britain could pay the USA.This was called artificial successfulness, because the peace or the prosperity relied on the US economy and when the stock market crashed in 1929 it sent the countries relying on the USA into deep economic depression. After the Paris Peace Conference the League of Nations was formed. This was a part of Wilsons 14-point plan for peace. It was the creation of an international body that looked after itself and international issues. The proposal was a league of nations that would reject war as a means of solving disputes, instead relying on diplomacy and negotiation . The U. S government did not support their president and refused to join the league even though it was his idea. They believed in isolationism and wanted nothing to do with the European issues. This caused problems because the USA was superpower. Germany and Russia were also not invited to join and they were communist. L organisation de la Paix was the French security measure. The French were not prepared to rest on ideals for their defence. They refused to disarm (an idea for the league of nations for peace) and set about building up a set of military alliances to surround Germany.The French were worried that if Germany became strong again that they would attack. They also built a physical barrier between themselves and Germany called the Maginot line, in 1927. By 1926 Germany was invited to join the League of Nations. The conference created at decade of peace through Europe. However, after the stock market had crashed (which resulted in the world entering depression) the politica l party the Nazis overtook Germany and showed their hatred toward the treaty of Versailles and The League of Nations which resulted in world war II.

Poverty Alleviation Through Zakah and Waqf Institutions Essay

* Islam emphasize on the importance of distributive justice through Zakah, waqf * The main objectives of Zakah ar to promote stable economic growth through investments, employment and balance consumption, and the achievement of greater income equality through an equitable distribution of wealth, thereby eliminating exiguity and extreme disparities of wealth between the rich and the wretched. * Waqf is holding a Maal (an asset) and preventing its consumption for the purpose of repeatedly extracting its usufruct for the benefit of an objective representing righteousness and/or philanthropy for as long as its principal is preserved either by its own nature as in land or from arrangements and conditions prescribed by the Waqf founder. * In the past, the state would assign Zakah workers.* The first cognize Waqf is the mosque of Qubaa in Madinah, which was built upon the arrival of the Prophet (Peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) followed by the purchase of the land and construct ion of the mosque, known today as the Prophets mosque. * There are three types of Waqf, religious Waqf, philanthropic Waqf, and posterity or family Waqf. * Religious Waqf adds to the social welfare of the conjunction because it helps satisfy the religious needs of people and reduces the direct cost of providing religious services for any future generation.* Philanthropic Waqf aimed at supporting the poor segment of the society and all activities that are of interest to people at large such as public utilities, libraries, scientific research, education, health services, care of animals and environment, lend to small businessmen, parks, roads, bridges, dams, etc. * Posterity or family Waqf is argued that it is charitable in essence because it gives income/usufruct to persons free of charges and improves the welfare of future generation.

Health and Safety Essay

wellness and sanctuary in the workplace is not only the responsibility of the designated health and precaution Officer, it is the duty of all members of staff to be responsible for the safety of everyone they may have to deal with during the working day both their colleagues and members of the public.The Health and Safety Executive are people whose role is to promote safety in the workplace both by providing information to employers and their employees, and also by ensuring that rules and guidelines are in use in everyday practice.The employer has a responsibility to follow the regulation which is known as the Health and Safety at Work turn of events 1974. This is An Act to make further provision for securing the health, safety and welfare of persons at work, for protecting others against risks to health or safety in connection with the activities of persons at work, for controlling the care and use and preventing the unlawful acquisition, possession and use of dangerous substa nces, and for controlling certain emissions into the atmosphere to make further provision with respect to the employment medical informatory service. The main objectives of this Act are Protect the health, safety and welfare of people at work. Eliminate risks to health and safety at their source. Protect the public against risks to health and safety caused by people at workIt is important to abide by this law because we need to protect peoples health and safety by ensuring risks in the changing workplace are properly controlled.The next act Im going to write roughly is The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. The main objectives of this act are You must review risk assessments periodically and make modifications if there are any remarkable changes in working practices or equipment If safety procedures can ever be improved, appropriate steps should be taken accordingly. You are expected to take sightly steps to familiarise yourself with the hazards and risks in your workplace.Work must be organised. A set pattern of rules and regulations usually means more systematic work and little chance of accidents. Training should be given in such a way that hazardous situations can be avoided. For example Lengthening of working day, removal of taking screening breaks etc for meeting deadlines should be avoided. You must ensure that the significant hazards are identified, and that the actual working practices are addressed and if need be, changed so as to reduce any risk. This is both the responsibility of the employer and employee, for example it is the employees responsibility to familiarise themselves with the hazards and risks in their workplace.The 3rd act Im going to write about is Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 It regulates the statutory obligation to report deaths, injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences that take place at work. Responsible persons are generally employers tho also involve various managers and occupiers of premises. Though the regulations do not impose a specific obligation on employees, they have a general obligation under function 7 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 to take care of safety. The Health and Safety Executive recommends that they report incidents to their employer and encourages notification to the applicable authority.Finally Im going to write about the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 act. These regulations are concerned with the working environment. They place a duty on employers to make sure that the workplace is safe and suitable for the tasks being carried out there, and that it does not present risks to employees and others. This is done by following regulations such as, provision of qualified quantity of fresh or purified air. An audible fault warning alarm to be fitted to any equipment for this purpose, walls, floors and ceilings to be capable of being kept clean. Wastes not to accumulate, but kept in bins etc and suitable & sufficient facilities to enable persons to eat away from workplace where risk of contamination. Non-smokers to be protected from smoke.